{"id":2910,"date":"2012-03-08T00:57:38","date_gmt":"2012-03-07T21:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/birlikdayanisma.com\/v3\/?p=2910"},"modified":"2016-09-18T18:24:42","modified_gmt":"2016-09-18T15:24:42","slug":"emekci-kadin-hareketinin-tarihsel-sureci-ve-8-mart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/birlikdayanisma.com\/v3\/2012\/03\/emekci-kadin-hareketinin-tarihsel-sureci-ve-8-mart\/","title":{"rendered":"Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131n Hareketinin tarihsel s\u00fcreci ve 8 Mart"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Emek\u00e7i<\/a><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131n konumunu ve onun ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ok rahat bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rebiliriz. <\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n cinsinin b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihsel yenilgisi!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumdaki konumunu \u00fcretimdeki konumu, yani ekonomik konumu belirler, diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u0130lkel kominal toplumda ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle anaerkil toplumda, kad\u0131nlar \u00fcretimde etkin bir bi\u00e7imde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu toplumda kad\u0131n\u0131n belirgin bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6z konusuydu. Fakat bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck di\u011fer bir cinsi ezmeye ve tahakk\u00fcm kurmaya y\u00f6nelik de\u011fildi. \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyetin, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n, devletin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplum bi\u00e7imiydi. Kollektif bir ya\u015fam i\u00e7inde her\u015fey herkesindi, payla\u015f\u0131m s\u00f6zkonusuydu. Ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131n do\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 da kutsald\u0131. Kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131 vard\u0131. Payla\u015f\u0131ma ve dayan\u0131\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ile insanlar asgari gereksinimden fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn elde edilince \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Arkas\u0131ndan da i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca toplum bi\u00e7imi erke\u011fe g\u00f6re \u015fekillendi.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n ev, ba\u011f, bah\u00e7e ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken, erkek yerle\u015fim alan\u0131n\u0131n da d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buldu\u011f\u0131 madenleri i\u015fledi, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahlarla sava\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, ganimet ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet ve egemenlik tamamen erke\u011fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu. \u00dcretimdeki yerini kaybeden kad\u0131n y\u00f6netimdeki yerini de, erke\u011fe devretmi\u015f oldu. \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyet ile kad\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel yenilgisi oldu, ama sadece bununla da kalmad\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Egemenler ve ezilenler olu\u015ftu. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile kad\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr, gelenek, yasa ve din ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7ifte ezilmi\u015fli\u011fi!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi ile de kad\u0131n kitlesel bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ama bu seferki kat\u0131lma s\u00fcreci anaerkil toplumdaki gibi de\u011fil, tam tersi ucuz emek olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile oldu. \u00d6zellikle kapitalizmin ilk geli\u015fim d\u00f6neminde kad\u0131nlar insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya mahkum edildi. Kad\u0131nlar hem evde hem de \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde \u00e7ifte s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye maruz kald\u0131. Maddi ve manevi olarak ezildi. Kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi ile de cinsiyet e\u015fitsizli\u011fi daha da artm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n direni\u015fleri!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fakat kad\u0131nlar bu ezilmi\u015fli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 susmad\u0131lar, tam tersi direni\u015f \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6sterdiler. Kad\u0131nlardan ilk itirazlar burjuva devrimlerinden \u00f6nce gelir. Cinslerin e\u015fitli\u011fi istemi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan burjuva kad\u0131n hareketi kapitalist geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr ve burjuva devrimlerine ve frans\u0131z devrimine denk d\u00fc\u015fer.\u00a0 Kad\u0131nlar 1789′ da ilk ve somut olarak Frans\u0131z devrimine kat\u0131l\u0131rlar. Frans\u0131z devriminde, \u201c\u0130nsan ve yurtta\u015f haklar\u0131\u201d bildirgesi olarak bilinen bildirge yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Fakat bu bildirgede daha \u00e7ok erkeklerin haklar\u0131ndan bahsedilir. Kad\u0131n\u0131 demokratik haklardan yoksun b\u0131rakan bir tutum s\u00f6z konusudur. Bunun \u00fczerine kad\u0131nlar \u00f6rg\u00fctlenir ve kad\u0131n erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015firler. Kad\u0131nlar, 17 maddelik kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 bildirgesi \u00f6nerirler. Burjuva kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu \u00f6nerisi idam edilmelerine neden olur. \u201cKad\u0131na dara\u011fac\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131yor; \u00f6yleyse k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131kma hakk\u0131 da olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d<\/strong> diyen bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn sahibi Olympe de Gouges ve burjuva kad\u0131n hareketi \u00f6nderleri idam edilirler.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z devrimi k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de kad\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitlik isteminin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar hukuk, siyasi ve e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda e\u015fitlik isterler. Fakat bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri kabul edilmez. Kad\u0131nlar d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm devrimlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat bu d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha \u00f6n planda olmalar\u0131na ve e\u015fitlik i\u00e7in en \u00f6n saflarda m\u00fccadele etmelerine neden olmu\u015ftur. Burjuva kad\u0131n hareketinin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 her ne kadar s\u0131n\u0131fsal temelli olmasa da kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ve haklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir yerde duruyor. Burjuva kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok bedeli, hatta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze almalar\u0131 da asl\u0131nda ne kadar kararl\u0131 ve inan\u00e7l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bizlere g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n hareketi s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildir!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar ancak 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi ile siyasal ve sosyal haklar\u0131n\u0131 elde ederler. 8 Mart da bu anlamda \u00f6nemli bir yerde duruyor.<\/p>\n

1857 y\u0131l\u0131nda New Yorkta k\u0131rk bin dokuma i\u015f\u00e7isi kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi, 16 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n 10 saate d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, e\u015fit i\u015fe \u00fccret \u015fiar\u0131 ile greve \u00e7\u0131karlar.\u00a0 Bu grevin ard\u0131ndan tekstil ve t\u00fct\u00fcn sanayide birbiri ard\u0131na grevler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu direni\u015fi anmak i\u00e7in, 8 Mart 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda yine New York’ta “Cotton” tekstil fabrikas\u0131ndaki kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in greve \u00e7\u0131karlar. Bu grevde patronlar kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan destek g\u00f6rmelerini engellemek i\u00e7in fabrikaya kilitler ve \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda 129 kad\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kopenhag’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 2. Enternasyonel’e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201c\u0130kinci Uluslar aras\u0131 Kad\u0131nlar Konferans\u0131’nda Clara Zetkin ilk defa \u201csosyalist kad\u0131nlar\u0131n her y\u0131l uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7apta bir kad\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d d\u00fczenlemelerini \u00f6nerir. Bu \u00f6neride en temel ve \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan talepler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin 8 saate indirilmesi, hamilelere do\u011fumdan \u00f6nce 8 haftal\u0131k do\u011fum izni, emziren kad\u0131nlara s\u00fct izni gibi taleplerdir. Ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hen\u00fcz sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 oy kullanma hakk\u0131 da talepler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece 8 Mart emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlara ayr\u0131lan \u00f6zel bir g\u00fcn olarak kitlesel bir bi\u00e7imde kutlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc’n\u00fcn resmen Mart’\u0131n 8’i olarak belirlenmesi ise, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova’da yap\u0131lan \u201c\u0130kinci\u00a0 Uluslararas\u0131 Kom\u00fcnist Kad\u0131nlar Konferans\u0131’na\u201d dayan\u0131r. \u201cUluslararas\u0131 Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olmas\u0131na karar verilir ve o g\u00fcnden beri \u201c8 Mart D\u00fcnya Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak kutlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de ise, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rahime Selimova, Cemile, Nu\u015firvanova ile ba\u015flayan \u201c8 Mart D\u00fcnya Emek\u00e7i Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u0130lerici Kad\u0131nlar Derne\u011fi (\u0130KD) ile y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Kurulan \u0130lerici Kad\u0131nlar Derne\u011fi (\u0130KD) \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Kuruldu\u011fu andan itibaren kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131nsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini \u00f6n\u00fcne koyar. T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme a\u011f\u0131na sahip olur. 15 bine yak\u0131n \u00fcyesi, 33 \u015fubesi, 35 temsilcili\u011fi bulunan \u0130KD’nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 “Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Sesi” ise 35 bin say\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sosyalist Ekim Devrimi\u2019nde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n haklar\u0131!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u00fccadelesi sosyalist ve s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin bir sonucudur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, i\u015f\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz yani \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplum kad\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015fudur. Bu da ancak sosyalist bir sistemde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 1917 Ekim devrimi de bunun a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

1917 Ekim devrimi ile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi anlamda ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131n haklar\u0131na, Lenin’in de s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, burjuvan\u0131n 130 y\u0131lda ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeye sosyalist sistemde \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ekim devrimin ard\u0131ndan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yasal haklar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan genelge ve yasalarla belirtilmi\u015ftir;<\/p>\n

-1917 ekim devrimden 6 hafta sonra kilise nikah\u0131 yerine, sivil nikah ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

-K\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131 yasala\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-Taraflardan birinin istedi\u011fi \u00fczerine bo\u015fanma hakk\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– Aile i\u00e7inde yasal olarak erkeklerle e\u015fit haklara sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-1918’de ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 yasa aile ile ili\u015fkin olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-\u00dcretime kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile kad\u0131n\u0131n kurtulaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in kad\u0131n\u0131n ev i\u015fi kad\u0131ndan al\u0131narak ev i\u015fi, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131 toplumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-\u00c7ama\u015f\u0131rhaneler, \u00e7ocuk evleri, anaokullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise nuf\u00fcs\u00fcn % 35’nin yemek ihtiyac\u0131 kamu mutfaklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-Kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki angarya i\u015fler al\u0131narak, kad\u0131nlar i\u015f hayat\u0131nda, devlet y\u00f6netiminde ve \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde \u00f6nemli roller \u00fcstlenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

-Kad\u0131nlar t\u00fcm meslek alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, siyasi hayata kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat alan\u0131nda da etkin bir \u015fekilde yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar m\u00fccadele etmeye devam ediyor!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sosyalist sistemde kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 bu kadar geni\u015fletilirken, kapitalist sistemde ise durum tam tersidir.<\/p>\n

Kapitalist sistem toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131z\u0131n her alan\u0131nda kad\u0131n, erkek demeden t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmeye devam ediyor. Kapitalist sistemde ilk i\u015ften at\u0131lan, \u00fccreti ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen, en a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda g\u00fcvencesiz ve sigortas\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan biz kad\u0131nlar\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden de biz kad\u0131nlar en \u00f6n saflarda m\u00fccadele etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

Evet kad\u0131nlar;<\/p>\n

-1857 y\u0131l\u0131nda 8 saat i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc, e\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret, sendikala\u015fma ve oy hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in,<\/p>\n

-1871′ de paris kom\u00fcn\u00fcnde ekmek ve g\u00fcl i\u00e7in,<\/p>\n

-1908′ de daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in,<\/p>\n

-1917 ‘de Ekim devrimi i\u00e7in, m\u00fccadele ettiler.<\/p>\n

8 Mart’t\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcnlerde de yine kad\u0131nlar, Kapama’da, Savrano\u011flu’nda, Billur Tuz’da, Hey Tekstil’de m\u00fccadele etmeye ve direnmeye devam ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

Biz kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi, evde, sokakta, i\u015fyerinde, fabrikada m\u00fccadele etmekten ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kurtulu\u015funun \u00f6n ko\u015fulu sosyalist sistemin kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden de Bizler ilerici kad\u0131nlar,<\/p>\n

\u201cYa\u015fam\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 bizsek, kavgan\u0131n da yar\u0131s\u0131 biz olmal\u0131y\u0131z\u201d<\/strong>, diyerek \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyoruz!<\/p>\n

\u201cKad\u0131n\u0131n tarihte, ger\u00e7ekte sahip oldu\u011fu yeri alma zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir\u201d<\/strong> , demek i\u00e7in<\/p>\n

8 Mart’ta ALANLARDAYIZ! <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kad\u0131n\u0131n konumunu ve onun ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7ok rahat bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,101,13,103],"tags":[15,6,228],"class_list":["post-2910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kadin","category-manset","category-tarihten-belgeler","category-turkiyeden","tag-8mart","tag-bdh","tag-kadinlar","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nEmek\u00e7i Kad\u0131n Hareketinin tarihsel s\u00fcreci ve 8 Mart – Birlik Dayan\u0131\u015fma Hareketi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kad\u0131n\u0131n konumunu ve onun ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 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